Collectively, antineoplastic chemotherapy, myeloablative and conditioning regimens for HSCT, alkylating chemo agents, regimens containing bleomycin, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, taxanes, G-CSF, FOLFOX/FOLFIRI produce lung injury including pulmonary edema, ARDS, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and noninfectious lung injury. See under each specific drug or agent including radiation therapy and/or TBI. In a sizable fraction of patients, identification of the causal agent is difficult. A likelihood analysis is performed relating incidence, clinical, imaging and pathologic pattern of injury and the specific drug. Toxicity in lung cancer see PMID 21283982. The risk of developing pulmonary toxicity with chemotherapy may be increased in patients with preexisting ILD or IPF (PMID 19420811, 23171837, 25316105)
