The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

X.g

Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)

Publications

Ketenci YB, Demiroz H, Akca M, Avcioglu U

Suspected azathioprine-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis: A rare case report.

Hepatology forum. 2026;7(3):302-305

McKenzie T, Dheda S, Mantha M, Larsen C

Azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome: report of two cases.

BMJ case reports. 2021;14(5)

Greite R, Deutsch K, Bräsen JH, von Vietinghoff S

Azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome in anti-myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

Clinical kidney journal. 2019;12(1):89-91

Hessels AC, Sanders JSF, van de Ven AAJM, Kroesen BJ, Lambeck AJA, Rutgers A, Stegeman CA

Azathioprine Hypersensitivity Syndrome in a Cohort of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis Patients.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. 2019;7(3):1004-1009

Fenaux S, Tintillier M, Cuvelier Ch, Migali G, Pochet JM

Azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome: a case report.

Acta clinica Belgica. 2013;68(3):223-4

Garey KW, Streetman DS, Rainish MC

Azathioprine hypersensitivity reaction in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 1998;32(4):425-8

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Combination of amikacin and carbenicillin with or without cefazolin as empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. The International Antimicrobial Therapy Project Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1983;1(10):597-603