The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

Publications

Perri D, Cole DE, Friedman O, Piliotis E, Mintz S, Adhikari NK

Azathioprine and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: the pharmacogenetics of thiopurine methyltransferase.

The European respiratory journal 2007 Nov;30;1014-7 — 2007 Nov — 1014-7

Stetter M, Schmidl M, Krapf R

Azathioprine hypersensitivity mimicking Goodpasture's syndrome.

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 1994 Jun;23;874-7 — 1994 Jun — 874-7