Back

The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

VIII.b

VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement

Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO

Last update 17/06/2026

UAO: upper airway obstruction. Hematoma may localize in the mouth floor, tongue, retropharyngeal space, epiglottis, airway wall or localize in the mediastinum around the airway potentially causing UAO

Causative drugs

19

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

Acenocoumarol
III.a
V.e
VII.g
VIII.b
Anticoagulants, direct oral (anti-thrombin, -IIa, -Xa) - NOAC
I.a
I.b
II.b
III.a
III.c
III.k
III.m
V.e
V.n
VIII.b
IX.x
X.a
XVI.j
Anticoagulants, oral (vitamin K antagonists-VKA)
I.y
III.a
III.c
III.e
III.k
IV.af
V.e
V.n
VII.g
VIII.a
VIII.b
VIII.q
VIII.u
VIII.v
IX.x
X.a
XI.h
XI.ai
XII.ar
XIX.d
XIX.e
XXIV.e
Brodifacoum
III.a
III.c
III.m
V.n
VI.a
VIII.a
VIII.b
XXIV.d
XXIV.e
Brodifacoum, inhaled
III.c
III.m
VIII.b
Cannabinoids - Cannabinoid receptor agonists (synthetic) (K2, Spice)
I.a
I.c
I.e
I.ao
II.a
II.b
II.v
III.a
III.c
III.m
VI.a
VII.h
VIII.b
IX.d
X.u
X.ba
XI.b
XI.g
XI.n
XI.w
XI.bl
XII.g
XII.l
XII.aj
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
I.b
I.y
I.ao
II.b
III.a
III.c
III.h
III.l
IV.d
IV.z
IV.ah
V.a
V.e
V.n
VI.b
VI.o
VI.z
VI.ac
VI.ae
VII.d
VII.g
VII.h
VIII.b
VIII.h
VIII.j
IX.j
IX.n
XI.b
XI.h
XII.c
XII.g
XII.y
XII.af
XII.aw
XII.bd
XII.bg
XII.bh
XII.bk
XII.ca
XV.g
XV.ah
XV.ak
XV.cx
XVI.b
XVI.l
XVI.bg
XVI.bo
XVII.a
XXVII.a
Clopidogrel
I.a
I.b
I.c
II.a
II.b
III.a
III.c
V.e
V.n
VI.f
VIII.a
VIII.b
VIII.k
X.a
X.g
X.q
XI.h
XV.a
XV.c
XIX.c
Coumadin
VIII.b
Ecstasy (MDMA)
II.a
II.b
II.d
II.g
V.f
VII.h
VIII.b
VIII.c
X.f
X.ag
XI.g
XII.a
XII.b
XII.d
XII.y
Heparin
II.b
III.a
V.e
V.n
VI.a
VII.g
VIII.b
X.f
XI.h
XII.u
Nitrofurantoin
I.a
I.b
I.c
I.d
I.e
I.g
I.l
I.r
I.v
I.ax
II.a
II.b
II.j
III.a
IV.a
IV.ae
V.a
V.b
V.d
V.i
VI.d
VII.a
VIII.b
IX.i
X.a
X.d
X.e
X.f
X.s
XI.b
XI.c
XI.bg
XV.a
XV.b
XV.c
XV.e
XV.f
XV.h
XV.j
XV.k
XV.x
XV.ac
XV.af
XV.bi
XV.bl
XVI.b
XVI.f
XVI.l
XVI.bc
XVI.bp
Phenprocoumon
III.a
VIII.b
VIII.q
Quinine
I.b
I.c
I.d
II.a
II.b
II.j
II.v
III.a
III.m
VIII.b
VIII.d
X.a
X.f
X.g
X.h
X.m
X.z
X.ad
X.af
XI.b
XIV.a
XV.c
Rivaroxaban
I.a
I.b
III.a
V.e
V.n
VIII.b
VIII.q
X.a
X.e
X.f
X.s
XII.k
XV.ci
Loading more…