The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Anticoagulants, direct oral (anti-thrombin, -IIa, -Xa) - NOAC

See under specific drugs. Initially called 'new' antocoagulants: e.g. anti-IIa: dabigatran. Anti-Xa: rivaroxaban, apixaban. Management, reversing agents and antidotes see under PMID 24275169, 27330657. Montitoring of DOAC activity at PMID 27637548. Antidotes and reversal agants at PMID 24275169, 26872887.

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic