The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

Publications

Mohan S, Kumar R, Ish P, Kaushik R, Talukdar T, Gupta N, Gupta N

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center.

Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace. 2025;95(4)

Oualim S, Elharda CA, Benzeroual D, Hattaoui ME

Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage mimicking a pneumopathy: a rare complication of dual antiplatelet therapy for ST elevation myocardial infarction.

The Pan African medical journal. 2016;24:308

Kim Y, Lim J, Lim J, Kim S, Jung T, Choi W

Pulmonary Alveolar Hemorrhage after Clopidogrel Use for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Korean circulation journal. 2013;43(7):497-9

Borderías Clau L, Garrapiz López J, Caballero G

[Pulmonary haemorrhage and haemothorax after massive ingestion of clopidogrel as a suicide attempt].

Archivos de bronconeumologia. 2009;45(11):570-1

Gill DS, Ng K, Ng KS

Massive pulmonary haemorrhage complicating the treatment of acute coronary syndrome.

Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2004;90(3):e15

Kilaru PK, Schweiger MJ, Kozman HA, Weil TR

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after clopidogrel use.

The Journal of invasive cardiology. 2001;13(7):535-7