The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

Cryo- or radiofrequency ablation near pulmonary veins ostia for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias. See also under 'electrophysiologic procedures'. PMID: 24268510, 26025160, 26080278, 30918669, 31144560

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.a

Pneumonitis (ILD)

I.z

Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis

I.ap

Pulmonary infiltrates

II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

II.e

ARDS - Acute lung injury

III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

III.c

Hemoptysis

III.h

Major/massive hemoptysis

III.l

Alveolar hemorrhage, localized (e.g. lobar)

IV - Airway involvement

IV.n

Bronchial wall erosion/hematoma

IV.ab

Cough (lone)

IV.ak

Bronchopericardial fistula

V - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement

V.b

Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO

V.d

Laryngeal disorder-Laryngeal nerve palsy (dysphonia, hoarseness)

V.f

Vocal cord dysfunction, adduction, closure, injury

VI - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement

VI.a

Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs)

VI.e

Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion

VI.n

Hemopericardium - Bloody pericardial effusion

VII - Pulmonary vasculopathy

VII.b

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

VII.o

Air/gas embolism

VII.y

Pulmonary vein stenosis

VII.ab

Pulmonary infarction

VII.ad

Pulmonary vein perforation/rupture

VIII - Mediastinal involvement

VIII.d

Fibrosing mediastinitis

VIII.g

Hemomediastinum - Mediastinal hematoma

VIII.h

Pneumomediastinum

IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing (during sleep)

IX.j

Phrenic nerve injury - Hemi- or bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

IX.n

Vagal nerve injury (may cause GE reflux/GERD)

XI - Miscellaneous

XI.b

Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent

XI.i

Esophageal hematoma (may cause chest pain and/or tracheal compression)

XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity

XII.c

Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)

XII.h

Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction

XII.aa

Pneumopericardium

XII.ah

Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina

XII.ay

Postcardiac/-cardiotomy injury (PCIS-Dressler syndrome)

XII.bg

Perforation of the heart - Cardiac rupture

XII.bj

Atrio-esophageal fistula

XII.bk

Atrial septal defect, acquired

XII.bn

Pulmonary vein thrombosis

XII.bz

Pericardial-esophageal fistula

XIII - Esophageal involvement

XIII.b

Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula)

XVI - Imaging

XVI.b

Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing

XVI.l

Imaging: Peribronchovascular areas of consolidation

XVI.bi

Imaging: Pulmonary vein stenosis

XVI.br

Imaging: Localized calcification of pulmonary vein or veins

XIX - Pathology

XIX.r

Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa)

XIX.s

Path: Pulmonary congestion

XIX.bd

Path: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD)

XIX.da

Path: Pulmonary vein stenosis

XX - Infections & related conditions

XX.a

Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia