The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Thakkar A, Parekh K, El Hachem K, Mohanraj EM

A Case of MDMA-Associated Cerebral and Pulmonary Edema Requiring ECMO.

Case reports in critical care. 2017;2017:6417012

Haaland A, Warman E, Pushkar I, Likourezos A, Friedman MS

Isolated non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema - A rare complication of MDMA toxicity.

The American journal of emergency medicine. 2017;35(9):1385.e3-1385.e6

Chang SH, Lai TI, Chen WJ, Fang CC

MDMA-induced acute pulmonary edema in a patient without other organ dysfunction.

The American journal of emergency medicine. 2006;24(6):734-6

Kalantar-Zadeh K, Nguyen MK, Chang R, Kurtz I

Fatal hyponatremia in a young woman after ecstasy ingestion.

Nature clinical practice. Nephrology. 2006;2(5):283-8, quiz 289

Libiseller K, Pavlic M, Grubwieser P, Rabl W

Ecstasy--deadly risk even outside rave parties.

Forensic science international. 2005;153(2-3):227-30

Karlovsek MZ, Alibegović A, Balazic J

Our experiences with fatal ecstasy abuse (two case reports).

Forensic science international. 2005;147 Suppl:S77-80

Piastra M, Barbaro R, Chiaretti A, Tempera A, Pulitanò S, Polidori G

Pulmonary oedema caused by "liquid ecstasy" ingestion.

Archives of disease in childhood. 2002;86(4):302-3