The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
Publications
Nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in a renal transplant recipient receiving immunosuppressive therapy: case report and review of the literature.
The Journal of urology 1994 Sep;152;938-40 — 1994 Sep — 938-40
Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage due to nitrofurantoin.
Archives of internal medicine 1980 Feb;140;271-3 — 1980 Feb — 271-3
Non fatal pulmonary haemorrhage associated with nitrofurantoin.
Thorax 1987 Jun;42;475-6 — 1987 Jun — 475-6