The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

VII.h

Pneumomediastinum

Publications

McDermott R, Tsang K, Hamilton N, Belton M

Recreational nitrous oxide inhalation as a rare cause of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

BMJ case reports. 2015;2015

Clause AL, Coche E, Hantson P, Jacquet LM

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and epidural pneumatosis after oral ecstasy consumption.

Acta clinica Belgica. 2014;69(2):146-8

Mutlu H, Silit E, Pekkafali Z, Incedayi M, Başekim C, Kizilkaya E

'Ecstasy'(MDMA)-induced pneumomediastinum and epidural pneumatosis.

Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey). 2005;11(3):150-1

Mortelmans LJ, Bogaerts PJ, Hellemans S, Volders W, Van Rossom P

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and myocarditis following Ecstasy use: a case report.

European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine. 2005;12(1):36-8

Harris R, Joseph A

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum--'ectasy': a hard pill to swallow.

Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine. 2000;30(3):401-3

Ahmed JM, Salame MY, Oakley GD

Chest pain in a young girl.

Postgraduate medical journal. 1998;74(868):115-6

Mason TM, Lord BI, Molineux G, Humphreys ER

Alpha-irradiation of haemopoietic tissue in pre- and postnatal mice: 2. Effects of mid-term contamination with 239Pu in utero.

International journal of radiation biology. 1992;61(3):393-403