The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

VIII.h

Pneumomediastinum

Publications

McDermott R, Tsang K, Hamilton N, Belton M

Recreational nitrous oxide inhalation as a rare cause of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

BMJ case reports 2015 Sep 21;2015; — 2015 Sep 21

Clause AL, Coche E, Hantson P, Jacquet LM

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and epidural pneumatosis after oral ecstasy consumption.

Acta clinica Belgica 2014 Apr;69;146-8 — 2014 Apr — 146-8

Mutlu H, Silit E, Pekkafali Z, Incedayi M, Ba?ekim C, Kizilkaya E

'Ecstasy'(MDMA)-induced pneumomediastinum and epidural pneumatosis.

Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) 2005 Sep;11;150-1 — 2005 Sep — 150-1

Mortelmans LJ, Bogaerts PJ, Hellemans S, Volders W, Van Rossom P

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and myocarditis following Ecstasy use: a case report.

European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 2005 Feb;12;36-8 — 2005 Feb — 36-8

Harris R, Joseph A

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum--'ectasy': a hard pill to swallow.

Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine 2000 Jun;30;401-3 — 2000 Jun — 401-3

Ahmed JM, Salame MY, Oakley GD

Chest pain in a young girl.

Postgraduate medical journal 1998 Feb;74;115-6 — 1998 Feb — 115-6

Mason TM, Lord BI, Molineux G, Humphreys ER

Alpha-irradiation of haemopoietic tissue in pre- and postnatal mice: 2. Effects of mid-term contamination with 239Pu in utero.

International journal of radiation biology 1992 Mar;61;393-403 — 1992 Mar — 393-403