The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Cannabinoids - Cannabinoid receptor agonists (synthetic) (K2, Spice)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

L.o

Death following exposure or poisoning

Publications

Adamowicz P, Meissner E, Ma?lanka M

Fatal intoxication with new synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and EMB-FUBINACA.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2019 Feb 26;;1-6 — 2019 Feb 26 — 1-6

Yamagishi I, Minakata K, Nozawa H, Hasegawa K, Suzuki M, Kitamoto T, Suzuki O, Watanabe K

A case of intoxication with a mixture of synthetic cannabinoids EAM-2201, AB-PINACA and AB-FUBINACA, and a synthetic cathinone ?-PVP.

Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2018 Nov;35;44-49 — 2018 Nov — 44-49

Katz KD, Leonetti AL, Bailey BC, Surmaitis RM, Eustice ER, Kacinko S, Wheatley SM

Case Series of Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication from One Toxicology Center.

The western journal of emergency medicine 2016 May;17;290-4 — 2016 May — 290-4