Philippe Camus, M.D.

Dijon, France

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Quinine

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.b

Pneumonitis (interstitial lung disease/ILD)
I.c

Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.d

Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)

II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
II.b

ARDS - Acute lung injury
II.j

Transient pulmonary opacities/infiltrates (see also under Iav)
II.w

Acute respiratory or cardiopulmonary failure

III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
III.m

Coagulopathy

VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement

VIII.b

Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO
VIII.d

Thermal (burns, frostbite), chemical or caustic injury on the face, mouth, tongue, pharynx or upper airway

X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions

X.a

DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction
X.f

Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
X.g

Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
X.h

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
X.m

Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative)
X.z

Coagulopathy (See under IIIm)
X.ad

Skin purpura, ecchymoses or necrosis
X.af

Thrombotic microangiopathy

XI - Miscellaneous

XI.b

Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent

XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)

XIV.a

Methemoglobinemia

XV - Pathology

XV.c

Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id)