The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

V.a

Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs)

Publications

Davis JW, Jones LS

Pleural effusion: An uncommon manifestation of nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary injury.

Respiratory medicine case reports. 2016;19:65-7

Hardak E, Berger G, Krivoy N, Solomonov A, Yigla M

Nitrofurantoin pulmonary toxicity: neglected threat.

Current drug safety. 2010;5(2):125-8

Kalomenidis I, Light RW

Eosinophilic pleural effusions.

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine. 2003;9(4):254-60

Strauss WG, Griffin LM

Nitrofurantoin pneumonia.

JAMA. 1967;199(10):765-6

Geller M, Flaherty DK, Dickie HA, Reed CE

Lymphopenia in acute nitrofurantoin pleuropulmonary reactions.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1977;59(6):445-8