The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Cannabinoids - Cannabinoid receptor agonists (synthetic) (K2, Spice)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

L.x

CNS symptoms or involvement, stroke

Publications

Kourouni I, Mourad B, Khouli H, Shapiro JM, Mathew JP

Critical Illness Secondary to Synthetic Cannabinoid Ingestion.

JAMA network open 2020 07 01;3;e208516 — 2020 07 01 — e208516

Armstrong F, McCurdy MT, Heavner MS

Synthetic Cannabinoid-Associated Multiple Organ Failure: Case Series and Literature Review.

Pharmacotherapy 2019 Apr;39;508-513 — 2019 Apr — 508-513

Katz KD, Leonetti AL, Bailey BC, Surmaitis RM, Eustice ER, Kacinko S, Wheatley SM

Case Series of Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication from One Toxicology Center.

The western journal of emergency medicine 2016 May;17;290-4 — 2016 May — 290-4