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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

Publications

Abu Shammala A, Jaber M, Irfan B, Owda A, Herzallah A

Warfarin-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Rare and Life-Threatening Complication in the Resource-Limited Setting of Gaza.

Case reports in pulmonology. 2025;2025:8866411

Kaya B, Yildiz I, Baha RM, Zeytun NE, Yetisgen A

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Associated with Warfarin Therapy.

Case reports in medicine. 2015;2015:350532

de Prost N, Parrot A, Cuquemelle E, Picard C, Antoine M, Fleury-Feith J, Mayaud C, Boffa JJ, Fartoukh M, Cadranel J

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: etiologies and prognosis revisited.

Respiratory medicine. 2012;106(7):1021-32

Klenner AF, Friesecke S, Schäper C, Ewert R, Gläser S

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with phenprocoumon therapy.

Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis. 2008;19(8):813-5

Hashemi-Sadraei N, Sadrpour S, Baram D, Miller F, Nord EP

Sirolimus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a renal transplant recipient on long-term anticoagulation.

Clinical nephrology. 2007;68(4):238-44

Erdogan D, Kocaman O, Oflaz H, Goren T

Alveolar hemorrhage associated with warfarin therapy: a case report and literature review.

The international journal of cardiovascular imaging. 2004;20(2):155-9

Papagiannis A, Smith AP, Hebden MW

Acute dyspnea, chest tightness, and anemia in a 33-year-old man.

Chest. 1995;107(3):863-5

Granthil C, Colavolpe C, Houvenaeghel M, François G

[Occult intrapulmonary hemorrhage caused by anticoagulants].

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise. 1981;22(1):53-6

Finley TN, Aronow A, Cosentino AM, Golde DW

Occult pulmonary hemorrhage in anticoagulated patients.

The American review of respiratory disease. 1975;112(1):23-9