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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

X.ac

X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions

Anti-GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture-like or flare of preexisting GS)

Last update 17/06/2026

GBM for antiglomerular basement membrane

Causative drugs

11

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

Abused drugs/substances (illicit-, street drugs - IV/inhaled)
I.c
I.e
I.j
I.m
I.s
I.t
II.a
II.b
III.a
IV.a
IV.f
IV.g
V.f
V.q
V.ab
VI.b
VI.c
VI.g
VI.i
VI.j
VI.r
VI.t
VII.h
VII.i
VIII.c
VIII.d
VIII.ai
IX.a
IX.s
IX.ah
X.m
X.u
X.ac
X.bb
XI.b
XI.g
XI.j
XI.n
XII.g
XII.i
XII.v
XV.q
XV.s
XV.v
XV.ag
XV.al
XVI.d
XVI.u
XVI.v
XVI.ab
XVI.ae
XVI.af
XVI.ai
XVII.a
XVII.b
XVII.g
XVII.p
XVII.s
XVII.u
XVII.al
XVIII.t
XVIII.u
XVIII.x
Alemtuzumab
I.a
I.b
II.a
II.b
III.a
IV.a
VI.b
X.e
X.g
X.k
X.ac
X.an
XIII.b
XV.a
XV.f
XVII.b
XVII.e
XVII.h
XVII.m
Chemicals
I.a
I.b
I.d
I.j
I.af
II.a
II.b
III.a
III.b
IV.c
IV.n
IV.q
V.a
VIII.c
VIII.h
X.m
X.u
X.ac
XI.o
XII.m
XIV.a
XIV.b
XV.x
XVI.ab
XVII.p
Cocaine
I.c
I.d
I.e
I.t
I.z
II.a
II.d
III.a
III.b
III.c
III.n
IV.a
IV.f
IV.o
V.f
V.ab
VI.a
VI.b
VI.l
VII.h
VIII.a
VIII.c
VIII.i
VIII.m
VIII.w
VIII.ah
VIII.ai
VIII.ak
VIII.ap
VIII.aw
IX.k
IX.o
X.f
X.h
X.j
X.m
X.o
X.s
X.u
X.x
X.ac
X.ad
X.as
XI.b
XI.j
XI.k
XI.n
XI.aa
XI.at
XII.a
XII.e
XII.f
XII.g
XII.l
XII.y
XII.ae
XII.af
XII.aj
XII.ap
XIV.c
XV.b
XV.g
XV.h
XV.s
XV.w
XV.aw
XVI.k
XVII.b
Crack cocaine
I.a
I.b
I.c
I.d
I.e
I.g
II.a
II.b
II.j
III.a
IV.a
IV.c
IV.e
IV.f
V.b
V.f
V.x
VI.a
VII.h
VIII.a
VIII.d
VIII.m
VIII.ac
VIII.ap
VIII.aw
X.ac
XI.b
XI.c
XI.bi
XII.g
XII.l
XII.aa
XII.ae
XV.b
XV.e
XV.g
XV.q
XV.s
XV.bb
XV.bj
XVI.b
XVI.d
XVI.k
XVIII.l
Etanercept
I.b
I.d
I.g
I.m
I.q
I.w
I.y
III.a
IV.a
V.d
V.f
V.m
VI.a
VI.d
VII.a
VIII.a
IX.q
X.b
X.d
X.e
X.f
X.j
X.k
X.m
X.s
X.ac
X.ar
XI.z
XII.d
XV.a
XV.c
XV.e
XV.ba
XVII.a
XVII.b
XVII.f
XVII.g
XVII.h
XVII.ab
Marijuana, cannabis (haschish, hash, bang, dab)
I.a
I.c
I.e
I.j
I.n
I.t
I.an
I.ao
II.b
III.a
III.c
IV.a
IV.d
V.a
V.f
V.ab
VII.h
VIII.w
VIII.ax
IX.d
X.f
X.ac
XI.b
XI.j
XI.o
XI.ar
XII.c
XII.d
XII.g
XII.l
XII.s
XII.w
XII.af
XII.ap
XIII.a
XV.k
XV.n
XV.p
XV.q
XV.s
XV.v
XVI.m
XVI.ai
XVII.a
XVII.c
XVII.g
Nivolumab
I.a
I.b
I.c
I.d
I.e
I.f
I.h
I.ad
I.aj
II.b
II.d
III.g
III.j
III.m
IV.a
IV.c
IV.j
IV.n
IV.y
IV.ab
IV.al
V.a
V.m
VI.b
VIII.t
VIII.ba
IX.a
IX.d
IX.h
IX.r
IX.y
IX.ab
X.a
X.d
X.f
X.g
X.j
X.k
X.m
X.n
X.s
X.u
X.ac
X.ay
XI.ar
XI.bn
XII.c
XII.d
XII.g
XII.n
XII.s
XII.ai
XII.ax
XV.c
XV.d
XV.g
XV.x
XV.bb
XV.cv
XVI.i
XVI.v
XVI.w
XVI.ab
XVI.af
XVI.ai
XVII.a
XVII.c
XVII.g
XVII.aj
XIX.a
XIX.b
XIX.c
XXVII.b
XXVII.e
Penicillamine
I.a
I.b
I.c
I.d
I.w
I.y
I.bc
II.b
III.a
III.b
III.d
IV.a
IV.c
IV.n
V.a
IX.a
IX.r
X.d
X.e
X.j
X.s
X.ac
XI.p
XV.z
XVII.w
Tobacco smoke - Cigarette smoking
I.c
I.e
I.g
I.h
I.j
I.r
I.ai
IV.a
IV.d
IV.g
IV.n
IV.u
IV.ad
VIII.ay
VIII.bb
IX.q
X.m
X.x
X.ac
X.ah
XI.j
XI.ac
XI.ad
XI.aj
XIII.a
XIV.c
XV.k
XV.y
XV.z
XV.ay
XV.bw
XVI.g
XVI.p
XVI.ac
XVII.a
Tobramycin (nebulized, inhaled)
IV.a
X.ac