The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

Cocaine inhalation or snorting may induce lone DAH. Cocaine-induced ANCA-(antineutrophil elastase)-related vasculitis includes skin bullae and necrosis. A few patients present with deep-seated involvement including DAH. The condition is thought to be related to levamisole, a commonly used adulterant in cocaine samples. Cases on the rise since the 2010s

Publications

Mengar M, Gupta N, Chakrabarti S, Aggarwal V, Shah K, Ish P

Cocaine abuse induced diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: a rare entity.

Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace 2020 Feb 21;90; — 2020 Feb 21

Jiménez-Zarazúa O, López-García JA, Arce-Negrete LR, Vélez-Ramírez LN, Casimiro-Guzmán L, Mondragón JD

Alveolar hemorrhage associated with cocaine consumption.

Heart & lung : the journal of critical care 2018 Sep - Oct;47;525-530 — 2018 Sep - Oct — 525-530

Underner M, Perriot J, Wallaert B, Peiffer G, Meurice JC, Jaafari N

[Alveolar hemorrhage and cocaine use].

Revue des maladies respiratoires 2018 Feb;35;134-148 — 2018 Feb — 134-148

Dushay KM, Evans SK, Ghimire S, Liu J

Cocaine-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature.

Rhode Island medical journal (2013) 2016 Aug 01;99;34-6 — 2016 Aug 01 — 34-6

Sogomonian R, Alkhawam H, Gandhi V, Zaiem F, Moradoghli Haftevani EA, McGarry T

Refractile foreign material deposits and alveolar hemorrhage in crack cocaine smoker.

Respiratory medicine case reports 2015;16;48-50 — 2015 — 48-50

Plessl A, Buser PJ, Daikeler T, Steveling E, Halter J, Holbro A

[Alveolar hemorrhage und cocaine: cause or coincidence?].

Praxis 2014 Oct 29;103;1331-4 — 2014 Oct 29 — 1331-4

Larocque A, Hoffman RS

Levamisole in cocaine: unexpected news from an old acquaintance.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2012 Apr;50;231-41 — 2012 Apr — 231-41

McGrath MM, Isakova T, Rennke HG, Mottola AM, Laliberte KA, Niles JL

Contaminated cocaine and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated disease.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2011 Dec;6;2799-805 — 2011 Dec — 2799-805

Buendía-Roldán I, Navarro C, Rojas-Serrano J

[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: Causes and outcomes in a referral center].

Reumatologia clinica 2010 Jul-Aug;6;196-8 — 2010 Jul-Aug — 196-8

Dy I, Pokuri V, Olichney J, Wiernik P

Levamisole-adulterated in cocaine causing agranulocytosis, vasculopathy, and acquired protein S deficiency.

Annals of hematology 2012 Mar;91;477-8 — 2012 Mar — 477-8

Aithal S, Marley N, Venkat-Raman G

An unusual non-immunological cause of renal pulmonary syndrome.

Clinical nephrology 2009 Oct;72;322-5 — 2009 Oct — 322-5

Abu-kishk I, Rosenfeld-Yehoshua N

Massive pulmonary hemorrhage in an adolescent.

The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 2008 Aug-Sep;10;593-4 — 2008 Aug-Sep — 593-4

Lazor R, Bigay-Gamé L, Cottin V, Cadranel J, Decaux O, Fellrath JM, Cordier JF, ,

Alveolar hemorrhage in anti-basement membrane antibody disease: a series of 28 cases.

Medicine 2007 May;86;181-93 — 2007 May — 181-93

Gilbert O, Mathieu D, Hanquet O, Lardinois I, Cornut P, Pierard P, Van Meerhaeghe A

[Hemoptysis in a young man].

Revue des maladies respiratoires 2006 Nov;23;471-6 — 2006 Nov — 471-6

Baldwin GC, Choi R, Roth MD, Shay AH, Kleerup EC, Simmons MS, Tashkin DP

Evidence of chronic damage to the pulmonary microcirculation in habitual users of alkaloidal ("crack") cocaine.

Chest 2002 Apr;121;1231-8 — 2002 Apr — 1231-8

Bailey ME, Fraire AE, Greenberg SD, Barnard J, Cagle PT

Pulmonary histopathology in cocaine abusers.

Human pathology 1994 Feb;25;203-7 — 1994 Feb — 203-7

Murray RJ, Albin RJ, Mergner W, Criner GJ

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage temporally related to cocaine smoking.

Chest 1988 Feb;93;427-9 — 1988 Feb — 427-9

Ettinger NA, Albin RJ

A review of the respiratory effects of smoking cocaine.

The American journal of medicine 1989 Dec;87;664-8 — 1989 Dec — 664-8