The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Pulmonary emphysema - Lung cysts or bullae
Publications
The Association Between Heroin Inhalation and Early Onset Emphysema.
Chest. 2015;148(5):1156-1163
Reduced lung function and bullae resulting from illicit drug use.
JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. 2011;24(7):26-9, 33
Precocious emphysema in intravenous drug abusers.
Journal of thoracic imaging. 1993;8(3):233-40
Long-term follow-up of drug abusers with intravenous talcosis.
The American review of respiratory disease. 1989;139(1):233-41
Pulmonary cystic disease: comparison of Pneumocystis carinii pneumatoceles and bullous emphysema due to intravenous drug abuse.
Radiology. 1989;173(1):27-31