The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Abused drugs/substances (illicit-, street drugs - IV/inhaled)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

VIII.c

Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma

Publications

Kenerson KL, Lear-Kaul KC

Ingestion of drugs by "parachuting": a unique drug delivery technique.

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology. 2012;33(2):173-5

Ahmed M, Islam S, Hoffman GR

Widespread oral and oropharyngeal mucosal oedema induced by ecstasy (MDMA): A case for concern.

The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery. 2007;45(6):496-8

Macfarlane R, Hart J, Henry JA

A man with a massive uvula.

Lancet (London, England). 2002;359(9305):492