The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Pneumomediastinum
See also under V f May occur following smoking-associated forceful Valsalva maneuver, reflecting barotrauma
Publications
Systematic review of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a survey of 22 years' data.
Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals 2014 Oct;22;997-1002 — 2014 Oct — 997-1002
An unrecognized presentation of cocaine-associated pneumomediastinum in the prehospital setting.
Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors 2009 Jul-Sep;13;384-7 — 2009 Jul-Sep — 384-7
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: analysis of 62 consecutive adult patients.
Mayo Clinic proceedings 2009 May;84;417-21 — 2009 May — 417-21
Ecstasy induced pneumomediastinum.
Thorax 1996 Sep;51;960-1 — 1996 Sep — 960-1
Barotrauma related to inhalational drug abuse.
The Journal of emergency medicine 1990 Mar-Apr;8;141-9 — 1990 Mar-Apr — 141-9
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: clinical and natural history.
Annals of emergency medicine 1992 Oct;21;1222-7 — 1992 Oct — 1222-7