The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Pneumomediastinum
See also under V f May occur following smoking-associated forceful Valsalva maneuver, reflecting barotrauma
Publications
Systematic review of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a survey of 22 years' data.
Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals. 2014;22(8):997-1002
An unrecognized presentation of cocaine-associated pneumomediastinum in the prehospital setting.
Prehospital emergency care. 2009;13(3):384-7
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: analysis of 62 consecutive adult patients.
Mayo Clinic proceedings. 2009;84(5):417-21
Ecstasy induced pneumomediastinum.
Thorax. 1996;51(9):960-1
Barotrauma related to inhalational drug abuse.
The Journal of emergency medicine. 1990;8(2):141-9
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: clinical and natural history.
Annals of emergency medicine. 1992;21(10):1222-7