The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLVI.b

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Via the levamisole cutting agent

Publications

Alzghoul BN, Abualsuod A, Alqam B, Innabi A, Palagiri DR, Gheith Z, Amer FN, Meena NK, Kenchaiah S

Cocaine Use and Pulmonary Hypertension.

The American journal of cardiology 2020 01 15;125;282-288 — 2020 01 15 — 282-288

Karch SB, Defraia B, Messerini L, Mari F, Vaiano F, Bertol E

Aminorex associated with possible idiopathic pulmonary hypertension in a cocaine user.

Forensic science international 2014 Jul;240;e7-10 — 2014 Jul — e7-10

Yakel DL, Eisenberg MJ

Pulmonary artery hypertension in chronic intravenous cocaine users.

American heart journal 1995 Aug;130;398-9 — 1995 Aug — 398-9