The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Pneumothorax, bilateral
May reveal/complicate septic pulmonary emboli (PMID 2225993)
Publications
Pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothorax as a complication of cocaine smoking.
Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 2003 Jul-Aug;70;407 — 2003 Jul-Aug — 407
[Bilateral pneumothorax and tamponade after acupuncture].
Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2003 Feb 22;32;311-2 — 2003 Feb 22 — 311-2
Bilateral pneumothorax, pneumonia, and pneumomediastinum after injection of a hard drug into the neck.
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2002 Dec;124;1233-4 — 2002 Dec — 1233-4
Spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax in drug addicts.
Chest 1984 Oct;86;645-7 — 1984 Oct — 645-7
Bilateral pneumothorax in an intravenous drug abuser.
The Journal of emergency medicine 1985;2;405-8 — 1985 — 405-8