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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Yamanoglu A, Cakmak S, Celebi Yamanoglu NG, Sogut O

A new side effect of synthetic cannabinoid use by the bucket (waterpipe) method: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Turkish journal of emergency medicine. 2018;18(1):42-44

Aromatario M, Bottoni E, Santoni M, Ciallella C

New "lethal highs": a case of a deadly cocktail of GHB and Mephedrone.

Forensic science international. 2012;223(1-3):e38-41

Todorović MS, Mitrović S, Aleksandrić B, Mladjenović N, Matejić S

Association of pulmonary histopathological findings with toxicological findings in forensic autopsies of illicit drug users.

Vojnosanitetski pregled. 2011;68(8):639-42

Wilson KC, Saukkonen JJ

Acute respiratory failure from abused substances.

Journal of intensive care medicine. 2004;19(4):183-93

Albertson TE, Derlet RW, Van Hoozen BE

Methamphetamine and the expanding complications of amphetamines.

The Western journal of medicine. 1999;170(4):214-9