The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx)
Notably diacetyl, a butter flavoring agent used in the food industry
Publications
Bronchiolitis associated with exposure to artificial butter flavoring in workers at a cookie factory in Brazil.
Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia 2012 May-Jun;38;395-9 — 2012 May-Jun — 395-9
Letter to the editor: RE: Galbraith D and Weill D (2009), popcorn lung and bronchiolitis obliterans: a critical appraisal 82:407-416.
International archives of occupational and environmental health 2010 Apr;83;467-9 — 2010 Apr — 467-9
Occupational bronchiolitis obliterans masquerading as COPD.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2007 Sep 01;176;427-9 — 2007 Sep 01 — 427-9
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in chemical workers producing diacetyl for food flavorings.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2007 Sep 01;176;498-504 — 2007 Sep 01 — 498-504
Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant.
The New England journal of medicine 2002 Aug 01;347;330-8 — 2002 Aug 01 — 330-8