II.b
ARDS - Acute lung injury
(Fr: SDRA sur critères gazométriques PaO2/FIO2). May overlap with Ia. Mechanical ventilation commonly needed. ECMO required in some instances (PMID 29967877). ARDS definition and grading at PMID 22797452. ARDS (and formerly ALI) are defined on the basis of gas exchange abnormalities. Thus, ARDS is not a well-characterized disease entity and may arise in widely disparate clinical scenarios. Pathologically, ARDS may correspond to DAD, pulmonary edema, acute NSIP-like ILD w/wo granulomas, -eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP), AFOP, amiodarone pulmonary toxicity, DAH, fat or silicone embolism, AIP, radiation injury, pulmonary fibrosis exacerbated by drugs or surgery (see under specific patterns) and drug- or alcohol-induced aspiration pneumonitis (see under XIg). Appropriate tests and BAL help exclude an infection and separate these entities. Some patients respond to intravenous corticosteroid therapy. Review at PMID 1939859. See also under IL 'Diffuse Alveolar Damage', XIg, XVf and under 'Postoperative ARDS'
Causative drugs
Oil-/lipid-based formulations (parenteral)
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) IV.g IV - Airway involvement
IV.g - Cough syncope IV.x IV - Airway involvement
IV.x - Transient hacking cough VI.e VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.e - Fat/oil embolism - The FES embolism syndrome
Omeprazole
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) X.c X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.c - Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
Opiates - Opioids - Opium
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.k III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.k - Epistaxis IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) IV.e IV - Airway involvement
IV.e - Cough (acute, violent, explosive) IV.aa IV - Airway involvement
IV.aa - Occupational asthma IV.ab IV - Airway involvement
IV.ab - Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting COPD VIII.c VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.c - Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma VIII.i VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.i - Midline destructive lesions IX.c IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.c - Chest wall muscle rigidity - Stiff/wooden chest IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) IX.e IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.e - Disordered breathing pattern - Cheynes-Stokes respiration IX.f IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.f - Hiccup IX.i IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.i - Respiratory arrest - Apnea IX.p IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.p - Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea IX.t IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.t - CNS involvement/dysfunction/damage IX.u IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.u - Central sleep apnea X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.af X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.af - Thrombotic microangiopathy XI.e XI - Miscellaneous
XI.e - Respiratory acidosis - Hypercapnia XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning XII.e XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.e - Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy XII.f XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.f - Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic) XII.j XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.j - Myocardial stunning
Organic dust
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.an I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.an - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis pattern II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern XV.x XV - Pathology
XV.x - Path: Acute/subacute bronchiolitis (see also IVc, IVi) XVI.b XVI - Imaging
XVI.b - Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing XVI.c XVI - Imaging
XVI.c - Imaging: A mosaic pattern of attenuation XVI.v XVI - Imaging
XVI.v - Imaging: Centrilobular micronodules (can be diffuse)
Organophosphates
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.t IV - Airway involvement
IV.t - Sptutum production - Bronchorrhea - 'Bronchitis' IX.a IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.a - Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF) IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) IX.j IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.j - Phrenic nerve injury - Hemi- or bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility)
Oxaliplatin-based regimens
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.y I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) VIII.e VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.e - Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.an X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.an - Cytokine release syndrome - Cytokine storm XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL)
Oxygen (dioxygen, O2)
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.v I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.v - Abnormal lung function/pulmonary physiology (PFTs) without necessarily imaging or clinical evidence II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury VIII.d VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.d - Thermal (burns, frostbite), chemical or caustic injury on the face, mouth, tongue, pharynx or upper airway VIII.k VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.k - Airway fire/explosion IX.p IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.p - Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XI.e XI - Miscellaneous
XI.e - Respiratory acidosis - Hypercapnia XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern XVI.bj XVI - Imaging
XVI.bj - Imaging: Atelectasis (a combination of increased density and volume loss. Typically lobar) XIX.b XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.b - BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils
Oxygen, hyperbaric (HBO/HBO2)
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
PD-1/PD-L1-inhibitors or blocking agents/drugs
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) XII.ai XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ai - Cardiotoxicity XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im)
Paclitaxel
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) I.ad I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ad - Radiation recall pneumonitis II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.j II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.j - Transient pulmonary opacities/infiltrates (see also under Iav) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma VII.d VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.d - Fibrosing mediastinitis VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) XII.g XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.g - Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction XII.s XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.s - Heart block (bundle branch- or AV-) XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern
Palytoxin (a potent zoanthid marine coral toxin)
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma VI.i VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.i - Acute pulmonary hypertension IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) X.j X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.j - Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis (see also under Xba) XI.ay XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ay - Chest tightness XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP) XII.ai XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ai - Cardiotoxicity
Panitumumab
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
Paraffin-Vaseline-Oil-Lipids (Mineral or other) p.o./inhaled/aspirated
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.j I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.j - Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (subacute, acute) I.k I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.k - Lung nodule or nodules I.s I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.s - A mass or masses I.z I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.z - An area or areas of consolidation I.ap I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ap - Paraffinoma - Lipidoma (ELP in the form of a nodule or mass) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.c III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.c - Hemoptysis IV.w IV - Airway involvement
IV.w - Plugs/casts in the airways X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) XIII.a XIII - Neoplastic conditions
XIII.a - Lung cancer XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern XV.p XV - Pathology
XV.p - Path: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia XV.q XV - Pathology
XV.q - Path: Foreign body deposits/granulomatous reaction XVI.a XVI - Imaging
XVI.a - Imaging: Diffuse haze XVI.f XVI - Imaging
XVI.f - Imaging: Bibasilar opacities/shadowing XVI.i XVI - Imaging
XVI.i - Imaging: An area or areas of involvement with a recognizable anatomic distribution XVI.k XVI - Imaging
XVI.k - Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation XVI.n XVI - Imaging
XVI.n - Imaging: Intralobular septal thickening - Crazy paving XVI.r XVI - Imaging
XVI.r - Imaging: An area or areas of involvement with low attenuation numbers XVI.w XVI - Imaging
XVI.w - Imaging: Lung nodule or nodules XVI.z XVI - Imaging
XVI.z - Imaging: A large nodule or a mass XVI.ab XVI - Imaging
XVI.ab - Imaging: Cavitating/cavitary lung nodule, mass or nodules (see also Iq, XIs, XIIi, XVIaa and XVIIp) XVI.az XVI - Imaging
XVI.az - Imaging: Solitary pulmonary nodule XVII.h XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.h - Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterial infection/superinfection XVIII.r XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'
XVIII.r - Eye catcher: A milky, cloudy or lumpy BAL fluid XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes XIX.h XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.h - BAL: Exogenous (oil red O-stainable) lipids in BAL macrophages XIX.j XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.j - BAL: Free exogenous lipids in supernatant XXIV.f XXIV - Veterinary medicine
XXIV.f - Veterinary: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia
Paraquat
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) I.ba I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ba - Irreversible respiratory damage requiring lung Tx II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.c II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.c - ARDS and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) IV.k IV - Airway involvement
IV.k - Bronchiectasis V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax X.u X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.u - Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF) XI.h XI - Miscellaneous
XI.h - Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula) XI.n XI - Miscellaneous
XI.n - Neutropenia, agranulocytosis (w/wo infection/sepsis) XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern XVI.k XVI - Imaging
XVI.k - Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation XVI.n XVI - Imaging
XVI.n - Imaging: Intralobular septal thickening - Crazy paving XVI.q XVI - Imaging
XVI.q - Imaging: A pattern similar/consistent to/with IPF XXIV.n XXIV - Veterinary medicine
XXIV.n - Veterinary: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Paroxetine
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) XII.f XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.f - Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL)
Pembrolizumab
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.f I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.f - Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) I.m I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.m - ILD with a granulomatous component I.o I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.o - Focal/localized area of pneumonitis/fibrosis I.y I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis I.ad I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ad - Radiation recall pneumonitis II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.h III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.h - Major/massive hemoptysis III.l III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.l - Alveolar hemorrhage, localized (e.g. lobar) IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) IV.j IV - Airway involvement
IV.j - Bronchiolitis (a clinical-imaging pattern suggestive of) IV.k IV - Airway involvement
IV.k - Bronchiectasis IV.n IV - Airway involvement
IV.n - Obstructive airway dysfunction (see also IVc, XVx) IV.t IV - Airway involvement
IV.t - Sptutum production - Bronchorrhea - 'Bronchitis' IV.y IV - Airway involvement
IV.y - Eosinophilic airway disease (asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis) IV.ac IV - Airway involvement
IV.ac - Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting asthma IV.ad IV - Airway involvement
IV.ad - Large airway inflammation - Tracheitis (w/wo tissue eosinophilia) V.m V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.m - Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative) VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension VII.a VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.a - Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic) VII.e VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.e - Granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy VIII.q VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.q - Tongue involvement (edema, glossitis, hematoma) VIII.t VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.t - Vocal cord paresis/paralysis IX.r IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.r - Myasthenia gravis - Myasthenic-like syndrome X.b X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.b - Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome X.c X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.c - Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.j X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.j - Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis (see also under Xba) X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic) X.m X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.m - Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative) X.s X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.s - Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive X.ah X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ah - Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (typically ANCA pos.) - GPA flare X.an X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.an - Cytokine release syndrome - Cytokine storm X.aw X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.aw - Connective tissue disease X.ax X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ax - Scleroderma X.ay X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ay - Polymyalgia rheumatica XI.d XI - Miscellaneous
XI.d - Metabolic acidosis (incl. lactic acidosis/-gap). May cause hyperpnea/dyspnea XI.n XI - Miscellaneous
XI.n - Neutropenia, agranulocytosis (w/wo infection/sepsis) XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.c XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.c - Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade) XII.d XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.d - Myocarditis (can be fulminant) XII.s XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.s - Heart block (bundle branch- or AV-) XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.d XV - Pathology
XV.d - Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP-pattern) (see also If) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.x XV - Pathology
XV.x - Path: Acute/subacute bronchiolitis (see also IVc, IVi) XV.bb XV - Pathology
XV.bb - Path: Airway inflammation XV.cw XV - Pathology
XV.cw - Path: Myocardial vasculitis XVI.b XVI - Imaging
XVI.b - Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing XVI.e XVI - Imaging
XVI.e - Imaging: Pulmonary opacities with a subpleural distribution XVI.k XVI - Imaging
XVI.k - Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation XVI.v XVI - Imaging
XVI.v - Imaging: Centrilobular micronodules (can be diffuse) XVI.z XVI - Imaging
XVI.z - Imaging: A large nodule or a mass XVI.ai XVI - Imaging
XVI.ai - Imaging: A 'tree-in-bud' pattern XVII.c XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.c - Aspergillosis, pulmonary (invasive, allergic [ABPA], or mycetoma) XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo XVII.o XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.o - Nocardia pulmonary/systemic infection XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes XIX.b XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.b - BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils
Pemetrexed
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.m I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.m - ILD with a granulomatous component I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) I.y I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) V.i V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.i - Pleuritis (can cause chest pain) X.c X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.c - Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.af X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.af - Thrombotic microangiopathy XII.g XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.g - Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XV.g XV - Pathology
XV.g - Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa) XV.w XV - Pathology
XV.w - Path: Pulmonary edema (see also II/IIa) XVI.b XVI - Imaging
XVI.b - Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes
Penicillamine
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.b III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.b - Pneumorenal syndrome (w/wo ANCAs) III.d III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.d - Alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse (ANCA-positive/-related) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.c IV - Airway involvement
IV.c - Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx) IV.n IV - Airway involvement
IV.n - Obstructive airway dysfunction (see also IVc, XVx) V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) IX.a IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.a - Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF) IX.r IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.r - Myasthenia gravis - Myasthenic-like syndrome X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) X.j X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.j - Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis (see also under Xba) X.s X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.s - Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive X.ac X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ac - Anti-GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture-like or flare of preexisting GS) XI.t XI - Miscellaneous
XI.t - Yellow nail syndrome XV.z XV - Pathology
XV.z - Path: Obliterative (constrictive) bronchiolitis (see also IVc, IVn) XVII.w XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.w - Hypogammaglobulinemia - Antibody deficiency
Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin)
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.k I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.k - Lung nodule or nodules II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.b III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.b - Pneumorenal syndrome (w/wo ANCAs) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) IV.n IV - Airway involvement
IV.n - Obstructive airway dysfunction (see also IVc, XVx) VI.d VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.d - Pulmonary vasculitis or capillaritis VII.a VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.a - Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic) VII.b VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.b - Lymphadenopathy with reactive changes VII.m VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.m - Malignant lymphoma X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.h X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.h - Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) X.m X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.m - Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative) X.u X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.u - Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF) XI.ab XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ab - Gingival hypertrophy XII.m XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.m - Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest XII.x XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.x - Sinus arrest XII.as XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.as - Giant cell myocarditis XIII.b XIII - Neoplastic conditions
XIII.b - Lymphoproliferative disease (pulmonary, endobronchial, endothoracic) XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia XV.m XV - Pathology
XV.m - Path: Lymphoid hyperplasia (including nodular- or a lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia pattern) XV.ab XV - Pathology
XV.ab - Path: Pulmonary capillaritis XV.ac XV - Pathology
XV.ac - Path: Pulmonary vasculitis other than capillaritis XV.af XV - Pathology
XV.af - Path: Granulomatous pulmonary vasculitis XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes
Platinum salts
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.aa IV - Airway involvement
IV.aa - Occupational asthma VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
I.ao - Pulmonary infiltrates II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.q II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.q - Respiratory distress or failure, not otherwise specified IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility) XIX.f XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.f - BAL: Foamy macrophages XIX.i XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.i - BAL: Oil red O-stainable material in BAL macrophages othen than exogenous lipids
Polymyxin
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IX.a IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.a - Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF) IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) IX.i IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.i - Respiratory arrest - Apnea