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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

III.h

III - Pulmonary/alveolar/airway hemorrhage/bleeding

Major/massive hemoptysis

Last update 17/06/2026

Can be fatal from blood loss, or clotting in the central airway causing acute airway compromise and respiratory failure

Causative drugs

16

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

Apatinib
I.b
III.c
III.h
V.f
Bevacizumab
I.b
II.b
III.a
III.c
III.g
III.h
III.k
IV.a
V.f
VI.a
VI.b
VIII.o
VIII.r
VIII.ab
X.f
X.s
XI.s
XII.a
XII.e
XII.f
XII.g
XII.ai
XII.aj
XII.at
XVI.ab
XVI.af
XVI.bf
XXVII.f
Bronchial thermoplasty
III.h
IV.k
IV.n
IV.v
VIII.au
XVI.k
XVI.bj
Cabozantinib
III.h
VI.a
XII.a
XII.f
XII.r
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
I.b
I.y
I.ao
II.b
III.a
III.c
III.h
III.l
IV.d
IV.z
IV.ah
V.a
V.e
V.n
VI.b
VI.o
VI.z
VI.ac
VI.ae
VII.d
VII.g
VII.h
VIII.b
VIII.h
VIII.j
IX.j
IX.n
XI.b
XI.h
XII.c
XII.g
XII.y
XII.af
XII.aw
XII.bd
XII.bg
XII.bh
XII.bk
XII.ca
XV.g
XV.ah
XV.ak
XV.cx
XVI.b
XVI.l
XVI.bg
XVI.bo
XVII.a
XXVII.a
Coils (airway coil for lung volume reduction)
III.h
IV.k
V.f
XVII.x
Crizotinib
I.a
I.b
I.d
II.b
III.a
III.h
V.f
VIII.a
X.g
XI.s
XII.ag
XII.ai
XV.a
XV.c
XV.f
XVI.af
XIX.a
Cryobiopsy (transbronchial pulmonary-; TBLB TBLCB)
I.y
III.c
III.e
III.h
III.l
V.f
XVI.ab
XVI.af
XVI.cb
Dabigatran
I.a
I.b
I.d
III.a
III.c
III.h
V.n
XII.z
XV.c
XVI.j
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided biopsy
III.h
VII.h
VII.i
VIII.c
XII.c
XII.be
Everolimus
I.a
I.b
I.d
I.f
I.h
I.l
I.m
I.p
I.v
I.y
I.ad
II.b
III.a
III.h
IV.d
V.h
V.i
VI.a
VIII.a
XV.a
XV.c
XV.d
XV.e
XV.g
XVI.b
XVI.bl
XVII.e
Gemcitabine
I.a
I.b
I.c
I.e
I.g
I.h
I.l
I.ad
II.a
II.b
II.c
III.a
III.h
IV.b
V.a
V.i
V.m
VI.b
VI.c
VI.f
X.c
X.m
X.n
X.af
XI.b
XII.c
XII.f
XII.l
XII.m
XV.a
XV.e
XV.f
XV.g
XVI.a
XVI.b
XVI.n
XVII.e
Pembrolizumab
I.a
I.b
I.c
I.d
I.f
I.m
I.o
I.y
I.ad
II.b
III.h
III.l
IV.a
IV.c
IV.d
IV.j
IV.k
IV.n
IV.t
IV.y
IV.ab
IV.ac
IV.ad
IV.al
V.m
VI.a
VI.b
VII.a
VII.e
VIII.q
VIII.t
IX.r
X.b
X.c
X.d
X.f
X.g
X.j
X.k
X.m
X.s
X.ah
X.an
X.aw
X.ax
X.ay
X.bi
XI.d
XI.k
XII.a
XII.c
XII.d
XII.r
XII.s
XV.a
XV.b
XV.c
XV.d
XV.e
XV.f
XV.x
XV.bb
XV.ca
XV.cw
XVI.b
XVI.e
XVI.k
XVI.v
XVI.z
XVI.ai
XVII.c
XVII.g
XVII.o
XIX.a
XIX.b
Radiation therapy (endobronchial brachytherapy)
III.h
VIII.ab
Radiation therapy to the chest
I.a
I.b
I.c
I.d
I.g
I.h
I.k
I.l
I.o
I.v
I.x
I.y
II.b
III.h
IV.m
V.a
V.c
V.f
V.h
V.k
VI.c
VI.x
VII.d
VIII.c
VIII.r
VIII.t
VIII.ab
VIII.au
IX.j
XI.b
XI.s
XI.ac
XII.b
XII.k
XII.o
XII.s
XIII.e
XV.c
XV.f
XV.h
XV.i
XV.bm
XVI.bl
XVII.e
XVII.af
XIX.a
XXVII.a
XXVII.b
XXVII.c
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