X.f

Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)

An absolute emergency. Anaphylaxis and  anaphylactoid reactions (Review at PMID 28800865). Drug-induced anaphylaxis can be fatal (PMID 25280385). Drugs (NSAIDs, antibiotics, RCM) are foremost as a cause of anaphylaxis (PMID: 25553259). Expression is more severe and treatment more difficult in patients who were receiving beta-blockers prior to the episode (PMID 6114116, 6146275). Angioedema, bronchospasm, shock common. Consider i.m. epinephrine and liberal fluid administration quickly. See also under shock (XIIn ) and PMID 17378256 & 22467837. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions usually develop unexpectedly. Can be severe and/or prolonged. Fatal in about 2%. Clinically, anaphylaxis is a systemic reaction with flushing, cramping, shock, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, empty vena cava syndrome, and/or the locked lung. Can lead to death within minutes from angioedema, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest and/or pulmonary edema (PMID: 16916722, 22467837, 28611774). Rechallenge with the drug for diagnostic purposes must be avoided. See also under IVb, VIIIa and b and X. Guidelines at PMID 15753926. Reviews, epidemiologic surveys at PMID 10823122, 12733472, 15073989, 16916722, 1789822,19217731, 19901808, 22987983, 22467837, 23741979, 24881890, 25538414, 29950872. Operative anaphylaxis is a severe form of anaphylaxis: PMID 19143700, 24251246, 22467837. All drugs that cause anaphylaxis may not be listed here. Guidelines, see also under PMID 24909803 and http://publications.nice.org.uk/anaphylaxis-assessment-to-confirm-an-anaphylactic-episode-and-the-decision-to-refer-after-emergency-cg134/introductionA series of DI anaphylaxis with >1000 cases has been published in 2017 (PMID 29086147).

Last update : 01/01/1970
 

Causative drugs

228

Cocaine

I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
I.t I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.t - Pneumoconiosis (silicosis, talcosis...)
I.z I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.z - An area or areas of consolidation
II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic
III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
III.b III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.b - Pneumorenal syndrome (w/wo ANCAs)
III.c III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.c - Hemoptysis
III.n III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.n - Alveolar hemorrhage (subclinical, or as a BAL feature)
IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)
IV.o IV - Airway involvement
IV.o - Airway hyperresponsiveness
V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax
V.ab V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.ab - Pneumothorax, bilateral
VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism
VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension
VI.l VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.l - Acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and PHT
VII.h VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.h - Pneumomediastinum
VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
VIII.c VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.c - Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma
VIII.i VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.i - Midline destructive lesions
VIII.w VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.w - Uvulitis, uvular edema
VIII.ah VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.ah - Tracheal polyps
VIII.ai VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.ai - Nasal, palatal and/or pharyngeal pathology
VIII.ak VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.ak - Rhinitis medicamentosa
VIII.ap VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.ap - Airway foreign body
IX.k IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.k - Trismus (lockjaw)
IX.o IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.o - Pneumorachis
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
X.h X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.h - Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
X.j X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.j - Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis (see also under Xba)
X.m X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.m - Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative)
X.o X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.o - Neutrophilic dermatosis (Pyoderma, Sweet syndrome)
X.s X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.s - Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive
X.u X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.u - Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
X.x X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.x - Subclinical ANCA positivity
X.ac X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ac - Anti-GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture-like or flare of preexisting GS)
X.ad X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ad - Skin purpura, ecchymoses or necrosis
X.as X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.as - Scleroderma renal crisis
XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XI.m XI - Miscellaneous
XI.m - Pulmonary emphysema - Lung cysts or bullae
XI.n XI - Miscellaneous
XI.n - Neutropenia, agranulocytosis (w/wo infection/sepsis)
XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning
XI.ae XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ae - Barotrauma (incl. pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, interstitial ephysema...)
XI.az XI - Miscellaneous
XI.az - Sneezing (may cause pulmonary barotrauma)
XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure
XII.e XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.e - Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy
XII.f XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.f - Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic)
XII.g XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.g - Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
XII.y XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.y - Pneumopericardium
XII.ae XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ae - Aortic dissection
XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina
XII.aj XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.aj - Systemic arterial thrombosis
XII.ap XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ap - Coronary artery dissection
XIV.c XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.c - Carboxyhemoglobinemia
XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic)
XV.g XV - Pathology
XV.g - Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa)
XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern
XV.s XV - Pathology
XV.s - Path: Pneumoconiosis (silicosis, talcosis, talcoma)
XV.w XV - Pathology
XV.w - Path: Pulmonary edema (see also II/IIa)
XV.aw XV - Pathology
XV.aw - Path: Skin vasculopathy/vasculitis/fibrin thrombi
XVI.k XVI - Imaging
XVI.k - Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation
XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
1

Corticosteroids, systemic (oral, parenteral)

I.y I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis
II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic
III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
III.b III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.b - Pneumorenal syndrome (w/wo ANCAs)
IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)
VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism
VI.e VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.e - Fat/oil embolism - The FES embolism syndrome
VI.ad VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.ad - Right ventricular outflow tract compression
VII.c VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.c - Mediastinal lipomatosis
VII.g VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.g - Hemomediastinum - Mediastinal hematoma
VII.h VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.h - Pneumomediastinum
VII.j VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.j - Compression of mediastinal structures/organs
VIII.g VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.g - Tracheal narrowing - Sabre sheath trachea
IX.a IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.a - Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF)
IX.f IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.f - Hiccup
IX.m IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.m - Epidural thoracic lipomatosis
IX.p IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.p - Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea
IX.v IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.v - Generalized myopathy/muscle weakness
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
X.n X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.n - Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
X.as X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.as - Scleroderma renal crisis
X.ba X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ba - Rhabdomyolysis (see also under Xj)
XI.v XI - Miscellaneous
XI.v - Rib fracture
XI.ag XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ag - Vertebral compression fracture
XI.ai XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ai - Cushing syndrome
XI.at XI - Miscellaneous
XI.at - Diminished efficacy of antineoplastic immunotherapy
XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure
XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
XII.v XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.v - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
XVI.at XVI - Imaging
XVI.at - Imaging: Subpleural fat deposits
XVI.au XVI - Imaging
XVI.au - Imaging: Mediastinal fatty deposits
XVII.a XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.a - Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
XVII.c XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.c - Aspergillosis, pulmonary (invasive, allergic [ABPA], or mycetoma)
XVII.d XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.d - Pneumocystis jiroveci pulmonary colonization
XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
XVII.j XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.j - Mucormycosis (pulmonary, tracheobronchial or systemic)
XVII.m XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.m - Fungal airway infection
XVII.o XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.o - Nocardia pulmonary/systemic infection
XVII.r XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.r - Fungal infection (pulmonary/extrapulmonary)
XVII.v XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.v - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection (w/wo DAH)
XVII.w XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.w - Hypogammaglobulinemia - Antibody deficiency
XVII.ai XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.ai - A falsely negative/indeterminate IGRA test result
2

Cyclophosphamide

I.a I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD)
I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis
I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf)
I.x I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.x - Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)
I.aa I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.aa - Delayed ILD, -pneumonitis, -fibrosis
II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury
III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs)
V.b V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.b - Eosinophilic pleural effusion
V.c V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.c - Pleural thickening
V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax
VI.c VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.c - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
IX.f IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.f - Hiccup
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XI.c XI - Miscellaneous
XI.c - Pleuritic chest pain
XI.p XI - Miscellaneous
XI.p - Chest deformity: platythorax
XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure
XII.c XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.c - Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)
XII.f XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.f - Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic)
XII.g XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.g - Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
XII.s XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.s - Heart block (bundle branch- or AV-)
XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib)
XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id)
XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL)
XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern
XV.i XV - Pathology
XV.i - Path: Pneumocyte atypia (reactive epithelial cells) (a.k.a. the "Napoleon Hat" sign)
XV.ak XV - Pathology
XV.ak - Path: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD)
XV.ap XV - Pathology
XV.ap - Path: Pleuroparenchymal fibrosis/fibroelastosis (PPFE)
XVI.ap XVI - Imaging
XVI.ap - Imaging: Pleural thickening w/wo rounded atelectasis
XVI.bl XVI - Imaging
XVI.bl - Imaging: An area or areas of avid tracer uptake in the lung/chest on 18F-PET scan
XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
XVII.q XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.q - Viral pneumonia
XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes
1

Cyclosporine

I.a I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD)
I.n I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.n - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)
II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury
IV.k IV - Airway involvement
IV.k - Bronchiectasis
VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
X.c X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.c - Capillary leak syndrome (CLS)
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
XI.ab XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ab - Gingival hypertrophy
XIII.b XIII - Neoplastic conditions
XIII.b - Lymphoproliferative disease (pulmonary, endobronchial, endothoracic)
XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib)
XV.n XV - Pathology
XV.n - Path: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis pattern (PAP pattern)
XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
XVII.c XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.c - Aspergillosis, pulmonary (invasive, allergic [ABPA], or mycetoma)
XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
XVII.o XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.o - Nocardia pulmonary/systemic infection
1

Daptomycin

I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
I.k I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.k - Lung nodule or nodules
I.x I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.x - Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)
I.z I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.z - An area or areas of consolidation
II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury
VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic)
XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id)
XV.d XV - Pathology
XV.d - Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP-pattern) (see also If)
XVI.k XVI - Imaging
XVI.k - Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation
XIX.b XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.b - BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils
XIX.c XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.c - BAL: An excess proportion of eosinophils
XXI.e XXI - Rechallenge data
XXI.e - Rechallenge may not necessarily lead to relapse of AE/ILD
1