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XLI - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)

Last update 17/06/2026

See also under negative pressure pulmonary hemorrhage IIIf. (Fr: OAP par obstruction des VAS et pression négative inspiratoire). NPPE develops as an rapid-onset consequence of large negative intrathoracic pressure swings against a closed airway. Tracheal petechiae have been noted in some cases: PMID 21362660. Common causes include tonsillar enlargement/surgery, obstruction of the upper/large airway, angioedema, recent extubation, thyroid conditions, vocal cord surgery. Pathophysiology at PMID 23640584. Review at PMID 25445940

Causative drugs

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases