V.f
Pneumothorax
Can be uni- or bilateral. Pneumomediastinum can be present as an associated finding. Pneumothorax can develop as a complication of drug-induced pleural fibrosis or fibroelastosis (see under IV c) and it can difficult to treat as the lung may reexpand poorly. Pneumothorax can also occur as a complication of drug-induced cavitation or thinning of pulmonary tumors including metastases (See XIu). The association with therapy with drugs is confounded by indication (PMID 23801882) as pneumothorax can also occur idiopathically. Novel targeted agents may cause tumor necrosis, cavitation of metastatic lung nodules and difficult-to-treat pneumothorax
Causative drugs
58
Sorafenib
I.a
I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax X.n X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.n - Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XVI.ab XVI - Imaging
XVI.ab - Imaging: Cavitating/cavitary lung nodule, mass or nodules (see also Iq, XIs, XIIi, XVIaa and XVIIp) XVI.bf XVI - Imaging
XVI.bf - Imaging: Tumoral cavitation XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax X.n X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.n - Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XVI.ab XVI - Imaging
XVI.ab - Imaging: Cavitating/cavitary lung nodule, mass or nodules (see also Iq, XIs, XIIi, XVIaa and XVIIp) XVI.bf XVI - Imaging
XVI.bf - Imaging: Tumoral cavitation XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
1
Status post-hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) or bone marrow transplantation (BMT)
I.b
I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.f I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.f - Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.n I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.n - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) I.v I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.v - Abnormal lung function/pulmonary physiology (PFTs) without necessarily imaging or clinical evidence I.x I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.x - Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.e II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.e - Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) (May cause ARDS) II.n II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.n - Engraftment syndrome III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) IV.c IV - Airway involvement
IV.c - Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx) IV.m IV - Airway involvement
IV.m - Bronchial stenosis/stricture V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension X.c X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.c - Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.d XV - Pathology
XV.d - Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP-pattern) (see also If) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.g XV - Pathology
XV.g - Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa) XV.ak XV - Pathology
XV.ak - Path: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) XV.ap XV - Pathology
XV.ap - Path: Pleuroparenchymal fibrosis/fibroelastosis (PPFE) XV.bv XV - Pathology
XV.bv - Path: Pulmonary cytolytic thrombi XVI.w XVI - Imaging
XVI.w - Imaging: Lung nodule or nodules XVII.m XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.m - Fungal airway infection
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.f I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.f - Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.n I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.n - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) I.v I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.v - Abnormal lung function/pulmonary physiology (PFTs) without necessarily imaging or clinical evidence I.x I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.x - Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.e II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.e - Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) (May cause ARDS) II.n II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.n - Engraftment syndrome III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) IV.c IV - Airway involvement
IV.c - Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx) IV.m IV - Airway involvement
IV.m - Bronchial stenosis/stricture V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension X.c X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.c - Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.d XV - Pathology
XV.d - Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP-pattern) (see also If) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.g XV - Pathology
XV.g - Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa) XV.ak XV - Pathology
XV.ak - Path: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) XV.ap XV - Pathology
XV.ap - Path: Pleuroparenchymal fibrosis/fibroelastosis (PPFE) XV.bv XV - Pathology
XV.bv - Path: Pulmonary cytolytic thrombi XVI.w XVI - Imaging
XVI.w - Imaging: Lung nodule or nodules XVII.m XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.m - Fungal airway infection
2
Status post-thoracic/cardiovascular surgery
I.y
I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) V.c V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.c - Pleural thickening V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax V.h V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.h - Chylothorax VII.i VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.i - Mediastinitis X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic) XII.k XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.k - Constrictive pericarditis - Pericardial thickening XVIII.e XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'
XVIII.e - Eye-catcher: Multiple radiolucent balls
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) V.c V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.c - Pleural thickening V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax V.h V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.h - Chylothorax VII.i VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.i - Mediastinitis X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic) XII.k XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.k - Constrictive pericarditis - Pericardial thickening XVIII.e XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'
XVIII.e - Eye-catcher: Multiple radiolucent balls
1
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
I.a
I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) I.f I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.f - Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.u II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.u - Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.x X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.x - Subclinical ANCA positivity XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.ct XV - Pathology
XV.ct - Path: Delayed alveolar injury with delayed epithelialization (DAIDE) XVI.bb XVI - Imaging
XVI.bb - Imaging: Pneumomediastinum XIX.c XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.c - BAL: An excess proportion of eosinophils
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) I.f I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.f - Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.u II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.u - Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.x X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.x - Subclinical ANCA positivity XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.ct XV - Pathology
XV.ct - Path: Delayed alveolar injury with delayed epithelialization (DAIDE) XVI.bb XVI - Imaging
XVI.bb - Imaging: Pneumomediastinum XIX.c XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.c - BAL: An excess proportion of eosinophils
1
Trimipramine
I.c
I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) V.b V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.b - Eosinophilic pleural effusion V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax V.u V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.u - Eosinophilic pleuritis XV.an XV - Pathology
XV.an - Path: Eosinophilic pleuritis
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) V.b V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.b - Eosinophilic pleural effusion V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax V.u V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.u - Eosinophilic pleuritis XV.an XV - Pathology
XV.an - Path: Eosinophilic pleuritis
1
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR) TKI
I.b
I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.y I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.c III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.c - Hemoptysis V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.y I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.c III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.c - Hemoptysis V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure
2