II.g
Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)
See also under negative pressure pulmonary hemorrhage IIIf. (Fr: OAP par obstruction des VAS et pression négative inspiratoire). NPPE develops as an rapid-onset consequence of large negative intrathoracic pressure swings against a closed airway. Tracheal petechiae have been noted in some cases: PMID 21362660. Common causes include tonsillar enlargement/surgery, obstruction of the upper/large airway, angioedema, recent extubation, thyroid conditions, vocal cord surgery. Pathophysiology at PMID 23640584. Review at PMID 25445940
Causative drugs
11
Barotrauma
II.g
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax VII.h VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.h - Pneumomediastinum VIII.k VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.k - Submucosal airway petechiae/hemorrhage
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax VII.h VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.h - Pneumomediastinum VIII.k VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.k - Submucosal airway petechiae/hemorrhage
3
Ecstasy (MDMA)
II.a
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax VII.h VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.h - Pneumomediastinum VIII.b VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.b - Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO VIII.c VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.c - Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.ag X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ag - The serotonin syndrome XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility) XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.b XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.b - Valvular heart disease and/or dysfunction XII.d XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.d - Myocarditis (can be fulminant) XII.y XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.y - Pneumopericardium
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax VII.h VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.h - Pneumomediastinum VIII.b VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.b - Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO VIII.c VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.c - Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.ag X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ag - The serotonin syndrome XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility) XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.b XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.b - Valvular heart disease and/or dysfunction XII.d XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.d - Myocarditis (can be fulminant) XII.y XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.y - Pneumopericardium
1
Electroconvulsive therapy
II.a
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) II.s II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.s - Neurogenic pulmonary edema XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) II.s II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.s - Neurogenic pulmonary edema XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension
1
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, 'alcohol')
II.b
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism VI.l VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.l - Acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and PHT VIII.y VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.y - Sinonasal discharge, -blockage, -obstruction IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility) XI.h XI - Miscellaneous
XI.h - Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula) XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina XVII.a XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.a - Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism VI.l VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.l - Acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and PHT VIII.y VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.y - Sinonasal discharge, -blockage, -obstruction IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility) XI.h XI - Miscellaneous
XI.h - Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula) XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina XVII.a XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.a - Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
1
Lidocaine (lignocaine, xylocaine)
II.a
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) VIII.f VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.f - Central airway instability - Tracheomalacia X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XI.a XI - Miscellaneous
XI.a - Cyanosis, a low SpO2 and normal measured PaO2 XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP) XII.m XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.m - Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) VIII.f VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.f - Central airway instability - Tracheomalacia X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XI.a XI - Miscellaneous
XI.a - Cyanosis, a low SpO2 and normal measured PaO2 XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP) XII.m XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.m - Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia
1
Naloxone
II.a
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) II.u II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.u - Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) II.u II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.u - Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
1
Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA-NMBD)
II.g
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) V.b V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.b - Eosinophilic pleural effusion IX.a IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.a - Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF) IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) V.b V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.b - Eosinophilic pleural effusion IX.a IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.a - Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF) IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
1
Sugammadex
II.g
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) VIII.e VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.e - Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) VIII.e VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.e - Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
1