The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)

The spectrum of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced problems is huge. Cough and angioedema w/wo UAO are the most typical AE from ACEIs. Upper arway angioedema and closure is the most dreadful one. A few cases were described with ARBs. See under each specific ACEI drug. Icatibant is an effective drug in angioedema cases (PMID: 25646708)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic