Philippe Camus, M.D.

Dijon, France

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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Warfarin

See also under brodifacoum since superwarfarin rodenticides may expose to similar if not greater risk. IV drug abusers may expose themselves to poorly controlled warfarin therapy to prevent thrombosis of venous access (PMID 16714526)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.i

Diffuse pulmonary calcification (calciphylaxis)
I.y

Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis

III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
III.c

Hemoptysis
III.e

Pulmonary hematoma
III.l

Alveolar hemorrhage, localized (e.g. lobar)

IV - Airway involvement

IV.af

Calcification of tracheobronchial cartilaginous rings

V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement

V.b

Eosinophilic pleural effusion
V.n

Hemopericardium - Bloody pericardial effusion

VII - Mediastinal involvement

VII.g

Hemomediastinum - Mediastinal hematoma

VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement

VIII.b

Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO
VIII.q

Tongue involvement (edema, glossitis, hematoma)

IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing (during sleep)

IX.x

Thoracic epidural or spinal hematoma

XI - Miscellaneous

XI.k

Esophageal hematoma (may cause chest pain and/or tracheal compression)
XI.aj

Congenital respiratory malformations in the fetus
XI.ar

Calciphylaxis

XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity

XII.ar

Calcification of the coronary artery walls or atheroma