The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Gases

Inhaled gases include gaseous therapeutics (helium/heliox, CO, NO, dioxygen (O2), H2S) toxic concentration of noxious gases (NO2, Cl2, H2S), methane (CH4) and poisonous gases (e.g. cyanide, H2S, CO, NH3). May be used in suicide attempts inluding helium (PMID 25254616). Inhaled fumes, vapors, aerosols, fire extinguisher powder, white smoke should be considered (PMID 29991044), and anesthetic gaseous agents. Rescue personal, family and neighbors can be exposed and suffer harm or fatalities. Suggested readings: PMID 24275172, 30189064, 30608256

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic