The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Oxygen (dioxygen, O2)

Like NO, molecular oxygen or dioxygen or O2 is listed as a drug. Oxygen can cause lung damage known as hyperoxic lung injury (HLI/HOLI). Oxygen can also trigger or potentiate amiodarone-, chemotherapy- and radiation-induced lung injury. Elevated FIO2 above 0.6 for >24hr may cause HLI/HOLI. See PMID: 21994818, 22804568, 23271823. See also PMID 4936578, 4948324, 6247652, 9887137, 15485081, 20430708, 25314313. And an interesting study in pigs at PMID 10924582

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.m

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf)

I.w

Abnormal lung function/pulmonary physiology (PFTs) without necessarily imaging or clinical evidence

XLI - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

XLI.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

XLI.e

ARDS - Acute lung injury

XLIII - Airway involvement

XLIII.ag

Obstructive airway dysfunction (see also IVc, XVx)

XLIV - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement

XLIV.i

Thermal (burns, frostbite), chemical or caustic injury on the face, mouth, tongue, pharynx or upper airway

XLIV.o

Airway fire/explosion

XLVIII - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing (during sleep)

XLVIII.p

Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea

L - Miscellaneous

L.b

Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent

L.f

Respiratory acidosis - Hypercapnia

LV - Imaging

LV.bn

Imaging: Atelectasis (a combination of increased density and volume loss. Typically lobar)

LVII - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA

LVII.b

BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils

LVIII - Pathology

LVIII.o

Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL)

LVIII.v

Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern