The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

VIII.b

Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO

Publications

Ditkofsky N, Hanna T

Images in Clinical Medicine. Spontaneous Retropharyngeal Hematoma.

The New England journal of medicine. 2016;374(3):e3

Karmacharya P, Pathak R, Ghimire S, Shrestha P, Ghimire S, Poudel DR, Khanal R, Shah S, Aryal MR, Alweis RL

Upper Airway Hematoma Secondary to Warfarin Therapy: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases.

North American journal of medical sciences. 2015;7(11):494-502

Buyuklu M, Bakirci EM, Topal E, Ceyhun G

Spontaneous lingual and sublingual haematoma: a rare complication of warfarin use.

BMJ case reports. 2014;2014

Frohna WJ, Lowery RC Jr, Pita F

Lingual and sublingual hematoma causing upper airway obstruction.

The Journal of emergency medicine. 2012;43(6):1075-6

Cashman E, Shandilya M, Amin M, Hughes J, Walsh M

Warfarin-induced sublingual hematoma mimicking Ludwig angina: Conservative management of a potentially life-threatening condition.

Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2011;90(2):E1

Triaridis S, Tsiropoulos G, Rachovitsas D, Psillas G, Vital V

Spontaneous haematoma of the pharynx due to a rare drug interaction.

Hippokratia. 2009;13(3):175-7

Ikeda R, Chiba T, Gorai S, Kobayashi T

Upper airway obstruction by epiglottis and arytenoids hematoma in a patient treated with warfarin sodium.

Auris, nasus, larynx. 2010;37(1):114-6

Acar F, Girisgin SA, Cander B, Ozdinc S

Lingual haematoma: a rare complication of usual warfarin dose.

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ. 2008;25(7):406

Gupta MK, McClymont LG, El-Hakim H

Case of sublingual hematoma threatening airway obstruction.

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2003;9(11):CS95-7

Reussi C, Schiavi JE, Altman R, Yussem EE, Rouvier J

Unusual complications in the course of anticoagulant therapy.

The American journal of medicine. 1969;46(3):460-3

Cohen AF, Warman SP

Upper airway obstruction secondary to warfarin-induced sublingual hematoma.

Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1989;115(6):718-20