The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Tongue involvement (edema, glossitis, hematoma)
Publications
Karmacharya P, Pathak R, Ghimire S, Shrestha P, Ghimire S, Poudel DR, Khanal R, Shah S, Aryal MR, Alweis RL
Upper Airway Hematoma Secondary to Warfarin Therapy: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases.
North American journal of medical sciences. 2015;7(11):494-502
Warfarin induced sublingual hematoma: a Ludwig angina mimic.
American journal of otolaryngology. 2015;36(1):84-6
Spontaneous lingual and sublingual haematoma: a rare complication of warfarin use.
BMJ case reports. 2014;2014
Spontaneous sublingual haematoma in a patient treated with warfarin.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2013;57(4):530-1
Lingual and sublingual hematoma causing upper airway obstruction.
The Journal of emergency medicine. 2012;43(6):1075-6
Lingual haematoma: a rare complication of usual warfarin dose.
Emergency medicine journal : EMJ. 2008;25(7):406
Lingual hematoma threatening airway obstruction in a patient on oral anticoagulation with warfarin.
Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis. 2007;18(6):575-6