The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

Publications

Abu Shammala A, Jaber M, Irfan B, Owda A, Herzallah A

Warfarin-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Rare and Life-Threatening Complication in the Resource-Limited Setting of Gaza.

Case reports in pulmonology. 2025;2025:8866411

Kiyota T, Shiota S, Hamanaka R, Tsutsumi D, Takakura T, Miyazaki E

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Caused by Warfarin after Rifampicin Discontinuation.

Case reports in medicine. 2019;2019:4917856

Kaya B, Yildiz I, Baha RM, Zeytun NE, Yetisgen A

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Associated with Warfarin Therapy.

Case reports in medicine. 2015;2015:350532

Uysal E, Çevik E, Solak S, Acar YA, Yalimol M

A life-threatening complication of warfarin therapy in ED: diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

The American journal of emergency medicine. 2014;32(6):690.e3-4

Lee JH, Kim SW

Successful management of warfarin-exacerbated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage using an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine. 2013;8(1):16

Laposata M, Van Cott EM, Lev MH

Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 1-2007. A 40-year-old woman with epistaxis, hematemesis, and altered mental status.

The New England journal of medicine. 2007;356(2):174-82

Barnett VT, Bergmann F, Humphrey H, Chediak J

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to superwarfarin ingestion.

Chest. 1992;102(4):1301-2