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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Risks depends on COX-selectivity. Review and guidelines at PMID 21631520. Studies on selective rechallenge at PMID 21981353 and 23278883

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.c

Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.e

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)

II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

IV - Airway involvement

IV.a

Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
IV.f

Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)

V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement

V.q

Empyema

VII - Mediastinal involvement

VII.a

Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)

VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement

VIII.a

Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
VIII.y

Sinonasal discharge, -blockage, -obstruction

IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing (during sleep)

IX.f

Hiccup

X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions

X.a

DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction
X.b

Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
X.f

Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
X.g

Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)

XI - Miscellaneous

XI.b

Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent

XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)

XIV.a

Methemoglobinemia