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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Adalimumab

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.a

Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may produce the ARDS pattern)
I.b

Pneumonitis (interstitial lung disease/ILD)
I.c

Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.d

Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
I.g

Pulmonary fibrosis
I.m

ILD with a granulomatous component
I.w

Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome)
I.z

An area or areas of consolidation

II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

II.b

ARDS - Acute lung injury

III - Pulmonary/alveolar/airway hemorrhage/bleeding

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
III.d

Alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse (ANCA-positive/-related)

IV - Airway involvement

IV.a

Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma

V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement

V.d

Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus)
V.m

Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative)

IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing (during sleep)

IX.j

Phrenic nerve injury - Hemi- or bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions

X.b

Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
X.d

Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd)
X.e

Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)
X.j

Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis (see also under Xba)
X.k

Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic)
X.s

Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive

XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity

XII.a

Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure
XII.r

Heart failure (biventricular, congestive)

XV - Pathology

XV.a

Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib)
XV.c

Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id)
XV.e

Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im)

XVI - Imaging

XVI.e

Imaging: Pulmonary opacities with a subpleural distribution
XVI.k

Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation

XVII - Infections & related conditions

XVII.a

Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
XVII.b

Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
XVII.c

Aspergillosis, pulmonary (invasive, allergic [ABPA], or mycetoma)
XVII.e

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
XVII.f

Tuberculosis, miliary
XVII.g

Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
XVII.z

Histoplamosis (reactivation)
XVII.aa

Coccidioidomycosis