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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Radiocontrast media (RCM)

Iodinated or barium salt-based. Both the risk and consequences of developing AE is increased in those patients exposed to beta-blackers concomitantly (PMID 8102844). A large series is available at PMID 25366341

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.c

Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.j

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (subacute, acute)
I.v

Abnormal lung function/pulmonary physiology (PFTs) without necessarily imaging or clinical evidence

II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
II.b

ARDS - Acute lung injury
II.h

Overload pulmonary edema (including posttransfusional (TACO))
II.i

Flash (fulminate) pulmonary edema

III - Pulmonary/alveolar/airway hemorrhage/bleeding

III.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

IV - Airway involvement

IV.a

Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
IV.b

Bronchospasm and angioedema
IV.e

Cough (acute, violent, explosive)
IV.f

Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)

VI - Pulmonary vasculopathy

VI.e

Fat/oil embolism - The FES embolism syndrome
VI.aa

Lipiodol pulmonary embolism

X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions

X.f

Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
X.g

Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
X.n

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
X.ap

Delayed anaphylaxis

XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity

XII.ag

Bradycardia

XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'

XVIII.h

Eye-catcher: Lipiodol embolism