The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Cement (bone cement, kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty)

The main risk of cemented bone surgery (such as percutaneous acrylate vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty or hip replacement) using acrylate is cement pulmonary embolism or bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) (PMID 25367483). The disease may affect >1% of those so treated (PMID 24205776). Post-procedural shortness of breath, chest pain, dense dichotomously branched shadows or ARDS or intracardiac densities are suggestive. Massive cement embolism can be fatal

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic