The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Adamowicz P, Meissner E, Maślanka M

Fatal intoxication with new synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and EMB-FUBINACA.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2019;57(11):1103-1108

Mell HK, Sztajnkrycer MD

Clinical images in medical toxicology: heroin overdose with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2006;44(4):399

Gotway MB, Marder SR, Hanks DK, Leung JW, Dawn SK, Gean AD, Reddy GP, Araoz PA, Webb WR

Thoracic complications of illicit drug use: an organ system approach.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2002;22 Spec No:S119-35

Bruera E, Miller MJ

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema after narcotic treatment for cancer pain.

Pain. 1989;39(3):297-300

Flacke JW, Flacke WE, Williams GD

Acute pulmonary edema following naloxone reversal of high-dose morphine anesthesia.

Anesthesiology. 1977;47(4):376-8