The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLVIII.t

CNS involvement/dysfunction/damage

Publications

Paketçi C, Okur D, H?z S, Yi? U

Rare presentation of levamisole-induced leukoencephalopathy in a pediatric patient: seizure.

The Turkish journal of pediatrics 2021;63;319-322 — 2021 — 319-322

Vonmoos M, Hirsiger S, Preller KH, Hulka LM, Allemann D, Herdener M, Baumgartner MR, Quednow BB

Cognitive and neuroanatomical impairments associated with chronic exposure to levamisole-contaminated cocaine.

Translational psychiatry 2018 10 27;8;235 — 2018 10 27 — 235