The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XV.aw

Path: Skin vasculopathy/vasculitis/fibrin thrombi

Publications

Gill H, Trinh D, Anderson DJ, Li N, Madenberg D

Cocaine and Levamisole Induced Vasculitis.

Cureus. 2021;13(8):e17192

Alqalyoobi S, Vaidya O, Abu Ghanimah AM, Elkhanany A, Gohar A

Cocaine induced pleural and pericardial effusion syndrome.

Case reports in pulmonology. 2015;2015:321539

Sarkar D, Kammona HA, Lamsen LN, McAbee BA, Clark CT, Lee SS, Kelley SE

Photoletter to the editor: Diffuse cocaine-related purpura.

Journal of dermatological case reports. 2013;7(4):132-3

Crowe DR, Kim PS, Mutasim DF

Clinical, histopathologic, and immunofluorescence findings in levamisole/cocaine-induced thrombotic vasculitis.

International journal of dermatology. 2014;53(5):635-7

Magro CM, Wang X

Cocaine-associated retiform purpura: a C5b-9-mediated microangiopathy syndrome associated with enhanced apoptosis and high levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression.

The American Journal of dermatopathology. 2013;35(7):722-30

Morris GW Jr, Mason BC, Harris Sprunger R, Hake Harris H, White LA, Patterson DA

Levamisole-adulterated cocaine: a case series.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM. 2012;25(4):531-5

Mouzakis J, Somboonwit C, Lakshmi S, Rumbak M, Sinnott J, Cherpelis B, Keshishian J

Levamisole induced necrosis of the skin and neutropenia following intranasal cocaine use: a newly recognized syndrome.

Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD. 2011;10(10):1204-7

Lee KC, Culpepper K, Kessler M

Levamisole-induced thrombosis: literature review and pertinent laboratory findings.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2011;65(4):e128-e129