The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate used to synthetize cathinones in the home may cause a parkinsonian syndrome (PMID 18322282)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLIV - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement

XLIV.i

Thermal (burns, frostbite), chemical or caustic injury on the face, mouth, tongue, pharynx or upper airway

LII - Esophageal involvement

LII.b

Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula)

LII.c

Esophageal stenosis/stricture

LIII - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)

LIII.a

Methemoglobinemia