The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XV.aw

Path: Skin vasculopathy/vasculitis/fibrin thrombi

Publications

Gill H, Trinh D, Anderson DJ, Li N, Madenberg D

Cocaine and Levamisole Induced Vasculitis.

Cureus. 2021;13(8):e17192

Carter MR, Amirhaeri S

p-ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Caused by Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine: A Case Report.

Case reports in emergency medicine. 2013;2013:878903

Sánchez-Cruz A, Marrero S, Betancourt J, Andino M, Lopez A, Gutierrez-Nuñez J

Cocaine induced vasculitis: have we found a culprit?

Case reports in rheumatology. 2012;2012:982361

Morris GW Jr, Mason BC, Harris Sprunger R, Hake Harris H, White LA, Patterson DA

Levamisole-adulterated cocaine: a case series.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM. 2012;25(4):531-5

Larocque A, Hoffman RS

Levamisole in cocaine: unexpected news from an old acquaintance.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2012;50(4):231-41

Lee KC, Culpepper K, Kessler M

Levamisole-induced thrombosis: literature review and pertinent laboratory findings.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2011;65(4):e128-e129