The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

X.s

Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive

Pathophysiology at PMID 27354687

Publications

Kötter I, Reinhold-Keller E

[Vasculitis mimics].

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie. 2019;78(1):24-30

Jin Q, Kant S, Alhariri J, Geetha D

Levamisole adulterated cocaine associated ANCA vasculitis: review of literature and update on pathogenesis.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives. 2018;8(6):339-344

Aoun B, Alali M, Degheili JA, Sanjad S, Vaquin C, Donadieu J, Ulinski T, Termos S

Distinctive vasculopathy with systemic involvement due to levamisole long-term therapy: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports. 2018;12(1):209

Garg L, Gupta S, Swami A, Zhang P

Levamisole/Cocaine Induced Systemic Vasculitis and Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis.

Case reports in nephrology. 2015;2015:372413

Lemaignen A, Goulenok T, Kalamarides S, Plat A, Pfau G, Fantin B

[Agranulocytosis and vasculitis in a cocaine addict: levamisole, the hidden culprit].

La Revue de medecine interne. 2014;35(10):676-9

Strazzula L, Brown KK, Brieva JC, Camp BJ, Frankel HC, Kissin E, Mahlberg MJ, Mina MA, Pomeranz MK, Brownell I, Kroshinsky D

Levamisole toxicity mimicking autoimmune disease.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2013;69(6):954-9

Carter MR, Amirhaeri S

p-ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Caused by Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine: A Case Report.

Case reports in emergency medicine. 2013;2013:878903

Arora NP

Cutaneous vasculopathy and neutropenia associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine.

The American journal of the medical sciences. 2013;345(1):45-51

Graf J

Rheumatic manifestations of cocaine use.

Current opinion in rheumatology. 2013;25(1):50-5

Kopp SA, High WA, Green JJ

Levamisole-induced Wegener's granulomatosis following contaminated cocaine abuse.

Skinmed. 2012;10(4):254-6

McGrath MM, Isakova T, Rennke HG, Mottola AM, Laliberte KA, Niles JL

Contaminated cocaine and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated disease.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2011;6(12):2799-805

Barbano G, Ginevri F, Ghiggeri GM, Gusmano R

Disseminated autoimmune disease during levamisole treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 1999;13(7):602-3