The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

L.o

Death following exposure or poisoning

Publications

Adamowicz P, Meissner E, Ma?lanka M

Fatal intoxication with new synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and EMB-FUBINACA.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2019 Feb 26;;1-6 — 2019 Feb 26 — 1-6

Jungquist CR, Card E, Charchaflieh J, Gali B, Yilmaz M

Preventing Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in the Hospitalized Patient With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses 2018 Oct;33;601-607 — 2018 Oct — 601-607

Stevens JP, Wall MJ, Novack L, Marshall J, Hsu DJ, Howell MD

The Critical Care Crisis of Opioid Overdoses in the United States.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2017 Dec;14;1803-1809 — 2017 Dec — 1803-1809

Hlavaty L, Hansma P, Sung L

Contribution of opiates in sudden asthma deaths.

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology 2015 Mar;36;49-52 — 2015 Mar — 49-52

Lee LA, Caplan RA, Stephens LS, Posner KL, Terman GW, Voepel-Lewis T, Domino KB

Postoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression: a closed claims analysis.

Anesthesiology 2015 Mar;122;659-65 — 2015 Mar — 659-65

Niesters M, Overdyk F, Smith T, Aarts L, Dahan A

Opioid-induced respiratory depression in paediatrics: a review of case reports.

British journal of anaesthesia 2013 Feb;110;175-82 — 2013 Feb — 175-82

Okie S

A flood of opioids, a rising tide of deaths.

The New England journal of medicine 2010 Nov 18;363;1981-5 — 2010 Nov 18 — 1981-5

Sternfeld I, Perras N, Culross PL

Development of a coroner-based surveillance system for drug-related deaths in Los Angeles county.

Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 2010 Jul;87;656-69 — 2010 Jul — 656-69

Degenhardt L, Roxburgh A, Barker B

Underlying causes of cocaine, amphetamine and opioid related deaths in Australia.

Journal of clinical forensic medicine 2005 Aug;12;187-95 — 2005 Aug — 187-95