The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IX.e

Disordered breathing pattern incl. Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Publications

Drummond GB, Bates A, Mann J, Arvind DK

Characterization of breathing patterns during patient-controlled opioid analgesia.

British journal of anaesthesia. 2013;111(6):971-8

Mogri M, Khan MIA, Grant BJB, Mador MJ

Central sleep apnea induced by acute ingestion of opioids.

Chest. 2008;133(6):1484-1488

Farney RJ, Walker JM, Cloward TV, Rhondeau S

Sleep-disordered breathing associated with long-term opioid therapy.

Chest. 2003;123(2):632-9