Inhaled, injected or intrapleural, cosmetic, drug excipient-related or therapeutic talc can cause severe ILD, obliterative airway or vascular disase (a condition named Excipient Lung Disease), or a subacute or chronic pleural reaction/scarring. Fundoscopy may evidence characteristic talc retinopathy in longterm users (PMID 24394831). Examination of lung pathology samples under polarized light is essential (PMID 2361397)